Contaminated groundwater is treated using techniques designed to remove, break down or isolate pollutants, depending on the type of contamination and the geology. In the UK, groundwater protection and remediation are overseen by the Environment Agency, with methods selected to meet environmental standards.
One common approach is pump and treat
Contaminated groundwater is pumped to the surface, treated using physical or chemical processes, and then either returned to the ground or discharged. Treatment may include filtration, air stripping, or activated carbon to absorb pollutants such as hydrocarbons and solvents.
In situ treatment treats contamination underground without excavation
This includes bioremediation, where naturally occurring or added microorganisms break down pollutants like fuels and organic chemicals into less harmful substances. Nutrients or oxygen may be injected to encourage this process. Another method is chemical oxidation or reduction, where substances are injected to neutralise contaminants.
For some sites, containment methods are used
Physical barriers such as slurry walls or sheet piling prevent contaminated groundwater from spreading to clean areas or water supplies. In certain cases, monitored natural attenuation is permitted, allowing natural processes such as dilution, biodegradation and adsorption to reduce contamination, provided risks are managed. Effective groundwater remediation can take several years, depending on the level of contamination. Professionals such as https://soilfix.co.uk/services/groundwater-remediation/ can carry out the necessary work. It’s an issue that affects not only the UK, but countries such as the USA.
Long-term monitoring is essential
Where contamination is severe, groundwater treatment is combined with remediation, as polluted soil is frequently the source of groundwater problems. Long-term monitoring is essential.
